Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Electro Magnetic Wave Interactions with Biological Tissues Across Mobile Communication Generations

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive mathematical and statistical analysis of electromagnetic (EM) wave interactions with biological tissues across different generations of mobile communication technologies, from 2G to 5G. Utilizing Maxwell's equations and bioheat transfer principles, we developed numerical models to simulate the propagation, absorption, and biological effects of EM waves within human tissues. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), penetration depth, power density, and thermal effects were quantified and compared across technologies, revealing significant variations as communication systems evolved to higher frequencies. Our findings indicate that higher frequency waves, typical of 5G technologies, exhibit reduced penetration depth but increased power density and SAR, leading to more localized thermal effects and potentially greater non-thermal biological impacts. The study employs statistical methods to analyze the data robustly, providing insights into the thermal and non-thermal implications of prolonged EM exposure. Through these mathematical models, we aim to enhance the understanding of EM wave-tissue interactions and inform safety standards, contributing to more informed regulatory frameworks as mobile technologies advance. This research underscores the need for ongoing investigation into the health implications of emerging communication technologies and the importance of adapting public health guidelines in response to scientific findings.