Statistical Analysis and Security Evaluation of a Hyperledger Fabric-Based Pharmaceutical Drug Supply Chain System

Abstract

The pharmaceutical supply chain is a complex ecosystem that faces critical challenges such as lack of transparency, counterfeit drug circulation, and inefficiencies in tracking and verification. These issues not only undermine the trust of stakeholders but also pose serious health risks to consumers. To address these problems, this research explores the application of blockchain technology, specifically using Hyperledger Fabric, to design and implement a decentralized, tamper-proof drug supply chain management system. Hyperledger Fabric, with its permissioned architecture and modular design, provides secure and auditable transactions among multiple stakeholders including manufacturers, distributors, pharmacies, and regulators. System performance was benchmarked using Hyperledger Caliper, with results showing high throughput (up to 2498 TPS) and low latency (<300 ms under moderate workloads), sustaining efficiency even under stress. End-to-end drug verification across supply chain stages was achieved within 2–5 seconds, while security analysis confirmed strong tamper-resistance through layered cryptography and smart contract validation. Scalability testing demonstrated resilience with throughput above 1900 TPS at 50 nodes. Real-world evaluation revealed significant improvements: counterfeit risks reduced by 83.2%, 100% traceability, and audit processes accelerated by 72.4%. Compared to public blockchain solutions such as Ethereum, the proposed system delivers superior throughput, latency, scalability, and security. These findings affirm the system’s practicality for modernizing pharmaceutical supply chains while ensuring compliance, transparency, and patient safety.