Prototype of IoT Wearable Device for Monitoring Sodium Level Disorder using Physiological parameters

Abstract

Patients with diabetes, kidney disease, heart failure, and dehydration are frequently affected by sodium level disorder (SLD), which include hyponatremia (low sodium levels) and hypernatremia (high sodium levels). These disorders may cause serious health hazards in elders. For these illnesses to be managed and life-threatening consequences to be avoided, early detection and ongoing sodium level monitoring are essential. This study describes the development of a wearable Internet of Things (IoT) prototype that uses non-invasive physical parameter measurement, including skin conductivity, temperature, and heart rate, to track sodium levels. The suggested device combines sensors, cloud-based analytics, and data processing algorithms to give the wearer real-time input on their sodium balance. This makes it a potentially useful tool for remote health monitoring and early intervention.

Introduction:

Sodium is very essential electrolyte which helps in maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. An imbalance in sodium levels either excessive or deficient can lead to severe health consequences. Hyponatremia and hypernatremia are two primary forms of sodium disorder that require prompt medical intervention. The normal serum sodium level ranges between 135–145 mmol/L. Low sodium level([NA⁺] <135 mmol/L) causes Hyponatremia whereas High sodium level([NA⁺]>145 mmol/L) is termed as hypernatremia [1][2].

Diabetes in elderly people poses unique challenges, including comorbidities like hypertension and kidney disease, which exacerbate sodium imbalances. Most commonly diabetic people suffer with Hyponatremia, a complication caused due to low sodium level [3]. Sodium imbalance, particularly in the context of diabetes, can lead to dangerous conditions such as dehydration, edema, or heart failure.

Objectives: Develop a wearable IoT device that continuously monitors sodium levels in diabetic elderly people, providing early detection of imbalances and helping with timely interventions

Methods:

• Prototype Design


• Data Processing and Algorithm Development


• Cloud-Based Analytics

The wearable device sends collected data to a cloud server, where it is analyzed and visualized in real-time. Users (patients and healthcare providers) can monitor trends and receive alerts if the system detects patterns that suggest potential sodium abnormalities. Additionally, the cloud-based analytics system allows for long-term monitoring, enabling healthcare providers to adjust treatment plans as necessary.

Results:

The proposed prototype model will be tested on a sample group of healthy volunteers and patients with sodium imbalance. The prototype will capture the physiological parameters like skin conductance, heart rate and temperature from human body.

The data recorded by the sensors and result generated by the model will be tested using traditional blood test. The correlation between Wearable device driven results and Blood test results will specify the impact of physiological parameters have significant impact on sodium imbalance in human body.

Conclusions:

This paper presents the development of a proposed prototype of IoT wearable device which will be designed to monitor sodium levels through non-invasive measurement of skin conductivity, temperature, and heart rate. The IoT wearables are proving to be boon for elderly persons and patients who are on continuous monitoring systems