Geographic Greedy Perimeter and Energy-Aware Routing (Ggpear) in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

A novel routing method based on geographic routing and energy aware metrics named Geographic Greedy Perimeter and Energy Aware Routing (GGPEAR) is proposed in this thesis to improve the efficiency and the longevity of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Given the geographic information: node positions, greedy perimeter routing is used to construct an optimal route to the destination. However, when greedy forwarding is impossible, GGPEAR reverts to perimeter routing, guaranteeing ongoing packet delivery. GGPEAR is an energy aware protocol that aims to balance the network energy consumption by selecting high energy nodes first for participation and prevents the nodes from energy starvation before time. This method enhances WSN performance greatly since each node reduces wastage in energy and increases communication efficiency. The combination of greedy forwarding with perimeter routing allows GGPEAR to manage its energy consumption and increase network throughput in general. Unlike other schemes, it presents a significant scalability advantage with minimal increase in energy consumption, end to end delay, and overhead as the number of the nodes or packets grows. A higher throughput, lower energy consumption, a lower end to end delay and a better packet delivery ratio (PDR) can be achieved with the proposed protocol compared with the existing ones as EEM-CRP and EE-TLT. GGPEAR exhibits lower packet loss ratios and is more reliable sensor size, it is suitable for large sensor networks. Network lifetime and resource conservation are critical in time sensitive and energy constrained applications for which the efficiency of the protocol is particularly important. GGPEAR optimizes routing and energy consumption to lengthen the operational lifetime of WSNs and guarantee high communication quality over the network.