Clinical Management of Anisometropic Amblyopia: Current Approaches and New Directions: A Mini Review of Literature

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to provide an update on current management and recent research in anisometropic amblyopia treatment and management strategies.

Background: In children and young people, amblyopia is the most common cause of preventable blindness. The prevalence of amblyopia in childhood varies between 1-5%, although these values may differ and among the amblyopes, anisometropic amblyope is the most prevalent. When treated promptly, the majority of visual impairment and binocularity in anisometropic amblyopia can be reversed. Children can be treated using a variety of techniques, including as liquid crystal display spectacles, binocular therapy (direct stereo training, perceptual learning and dichoptic training), atropine penalization, patching, and refractive correction.

Methods: From 2015 to 2024, a comprehensive search of the literature was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the reference lists of papers that contained the term "amblyopia treatment or therapy."

Future directions: A vergence treatment is the primary amblyopia treatment which addresses binocularity issue. Currently, the Amblyopia patient starts vergence and depth perception treatment only after the visual acuity improved to satisfactory levels or comparable to the other eye, which may take longer time for the patient.