Nano-Composite Materials: Enhancing Mechanical Properties for Next-Generation Engineering Applications

Abstract

The objective of this study is to improve the mechanical properties and environmental resistance of composite materials by the addition of nano reinforcements. The main goal is to assess the effects of various nano reinforcements, namely carbon nanotubes and graphene, on the tensile strength, fracture toughness, hardness, and durability of composite materials. Results from experiments show considerable enhancement in mechanical properties, such as increasing tensile strength more than 58%, Young’s modulus more than 81%, and fracture toughness more than 67%. The nano-composites exhibited a better performance under extreme conditions including 60% high temperature resistance, 87.5% corrosive environment, and 88.9% high stress cycle over the unreinforced matrices. Homogeneous nano-reinforcement dispersion and stronger interfacial bonding were observed through microstructural analysis. The results demonstrate that nano-composites display superior mechanical and environmental performance, thereby providing a promising alternative for high-performance applications in fields such as aerospace, automotive, and construction. Despite these, however, the manufacturing of these devices remains challenging in terms of scalability and cost-effectiveness, still requiring much research before widespread industrial adoption.