Statistical Analysis of Water Quality Data of Agra Canal, Quantifying Seasonal Variation in Haryana Stretch India

Abstract

The study focuses on assessing the contamination levels in the Agra Canal, a water source heavily impacted by the discharge of effluents from Faridabad, Palwal and small-scale textile bleaching operations; small colonies are situated along its banks, which ultimately flow into the Agra Canal. The primary objectives of this research are to evaluate the Agra Canal's water quality and seasonal variations in water quality. Data was collected during the summer, rainy, and winter seasons. An array of water quality parameters were examined, including pH, E.C., TDS, Turbidity, DO, BOD, COD, T.H., TA, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, Cl, SO4 and NO3 and Total Coliform (T.C). Sampling and analysis followed the BIS and APHA. The WQI was calculated with the mean value of all the sites per season using the data for Ca, Cl, TDS, Mg, SO4, and nitrate. In the summer season, the WQI was 121.32, which shows the water is not suitable for any purpose; in the winter season, the WQI was 85.57, which falls in an inferior category, and in the monsoon, the WQI was 53.1, which falls in the poor quality category. The results of the Pearson correlation analysis among 16 parameters revealed a strong linear association and a high correlation coefficient between various pairs of water quality measures. Paired student T-test values >0.001, which is significant for parameters. Seasonal variation was assessed by the CPI value, which was also in the clean to slightly polluted category for all seasons. Although all the parameters are within permissible limits, more investigation is needed to detect the effect of Agra canal water on crops and vegetables, and it will safeguard both human health and the environment.