Enhancing Connectivity in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: A Novel Contention Window-Based Protocol for Overcoming Obstacle-Induced Signal Attenuation

Abstract

This study delves into how obstacles affect network connections, in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) which are part of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). VANETs are known for their changing. Intermittently disconnected nodes due to vehicle movements. The research investigates how obstacles like vehicles and roadside structures impact signal transmission and network efficiency. Through simulations and mathematical models, we explore the influence of these obstacles on latency, data throughput and overall connectivity in VANETs. The study emphasizes the importance of factoring in obstacles when designing and optimizing VANET protocols. It also examines how vehicles serving as barriers between transmitters and receivers impact network connectivity and operational performance including latency and throughput. The evaluation is carried out using the DBA MAC protocol. Furthermore, a refined propagation model that considers vehicle height in channel selection is introduced based on CWBP to address the real-world implications of vehicle height on obstacle effects in traffic scenarios. Additionally, a comparative analysis among these protocols is conducted to recommend a protocol, for implementing VANETs.