Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchical Leach Lifetime Analysis in Two- and Three-Dimensional Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Among the key LEACH protocol approaches are techniques for dividing clusters eventually forming, flexible cluster establishing, and cluster header location modifying. Most target nodes will self-organize thanks to the cluster formation distribution technique. By evenly distributing energy dissipation among all nodes, the dynamic cluster structure and cluster head place algorithms ensure that the overall device’s entire life is renewed. The study examines The Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchical protocol (LEACH) was renewed from a 2-D and a 3-D environment in a wireless sensor network comprised of various sensor devices at fixed speeds and different speeds of nodes at a fixed number of nodes to collect data for applications. A comparison of the homogeneous LEACH implementation in a two-dimensional plane and three-dimensional space has been provided, with a Concentrate on a node viewed in three dimensions, as this is more relevant for real environments. Using MATLAB and a variety of performance metrics, including the Packet-Delivery-Ratio (PDR), Average energy consumption, Active Node Ratio, and Inactive Node Ratio, we explore the Leach routing protocols in 2D and 3D in this work. The routing techniques' performances are specifically evaluated over a range of UAV node densities and for several speed changes.